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EXDL 802: Doctoral Seminar

Subject Terms

What are Subject Terms

A important part of the research process is knowing how to find and use controlled vocabulary. Controlled vocabularies are used by databases as a way to organize knowledge for subsequent retrieval. 

Subject terms, which are descriptive words assigned to an article by a database, are a common way databases use controlled vocabularies. These subject terms denote the item's subject or main themes. Articles with similar themes, or about similar subjects, will be classified together under a very specific subject heading - instead of scattered under multiple different synonyms or searches. Searching with subject terms allows researcher to focus in on all relevant research with one search term or phrase.

Be aware that searching by subject term is different than keyword searching. Here are some differences:

Keywords Subject Terms
Natural language used to describe your topic Controlled vocabulary defined by each database to describe the content of an article
Great place to start searching for articles on your topic as keywords are flexible A more advanced search method as you need to know the exact subject heading 
Databases will default to search for keywords anywhere in the record Database only searches for terms specifically matching in the "subject heading" field
May result in irrelevant articles Results are usually very relevant to topic
May result in too few or too many articles Can use subheadings to further hone in on a subtopic

The following video nicely outlines these differences

 

How to Find Subject Terms

Databases commonly provide a way to search for subject headings through their thesauri. Please note that subject headings differ across every database, therefore you first must look up the exact subject term for the specific database you are using.

While the way to find and use the thesaurus to identify subject heading is fairly similar across databases, there are a few differences. As such, there are videos for our two main database platforms - EBSCOhost and ProQuest.

 

 

Tools for Extracting Essential Search Terms

A number of acronyms have been developed as tools to determine the essential search terms for a topic in literature reviews. 

Please use the links below to explore ideas for identifying key words for your search!

PICO is commonly used in the Health Sciences for clinical interventions:

P = Patient / Population

I = Intervention

C = Comparison 

O = Outcome

This acronym has been adapted and others developed for the reviews in other disciplines.

A sample of PICO variations include:

PEO - Population / Exposure / Outcome (see UNC Greensboro Guide)

PICo (Qualitative Studies) - Population or Problem / Interest / Context  (see Murdoch University Guide)

SPICE (Social Sciences) - Setting / Perspective / Intervention / Comparison / Evaluation (see Murdoch University Guide)

 

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